事故タイプ別

Motor vehicle collisions — rear-end, head-on, sideswipe, intersection, and multi-car crashes. The leading cause of personal injury claims in the United States.

• Over 6 million car accidents occur in the U.S. each year.
• Average settlement for injuries: $20,000–$25,000.

Semi-truck, 18-wheeler, and commercial vehicle accidents. Federal FMCSA regulations apply, and multiple liable parties (driver, trucking company, cargo loader) are common.

• Commercial trucks can weigh up to 80,000 lbs — 20× a passenger car.
• Average truck accident settlement: $73,109 (IIHS data).

Motorcycle crashes are disproportionately severe due to lack of protective enclosure. Rider bias by insurers is a well-documented challenge in settlement negotiations.

• Motorcyclists are 24× more likely to die in a crash than passenger car occupants.
• Helmet use reduces fatal injury risk by 37%.

Premises liability claims arising from wet floors, uneven surfaces, inadequate lighting, ice and snow, or other dangerous property conditions. Property owner duty of care is central.

• Slip and fall accidents are the leading cause of emergency room visits.
• Proving "notice" (owner knew or should have known) is the key legal hurdle.

On-the-job injuries including construction falls, machinery accidents, repetitive-motion injuries, and toxic exposure. Workers' comp vs. third-party tort claims are both relevant.

• Workers' compensation covers most on-the-job injuries without proving fault.
• Third-party claims (against equipment manufacturers or contractors) allow full pain & suffering.

Claims arising from negligent medical care — misdiagnosis, surgical errors, medication mistakes, birth injuries, and failure to treat. Many states cap non-economic damages.

• Medical malpractice is the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S.
• Average verdict in malpractice cases: $309,908 (NCSC data).

Dog attack and bite injuries. Most states apply strict liability (owner liable regardless of prior behavior) while others use the "one bite rule." Homeowner insurance usually covers claims.

• Dog bites cost U.S. insurers $882 million in 2021 (III data).
• 37 states have strict liability dog bite statutes.

Crashes involving Uber, Lyft, or other rideshare drivers. Coverage depends on the driver's app status at the time of the crash — three distinct insurance tiers ranging from $50K up to $1M.

• Uber and Lyft each carry $1M in liability coverage when a passenger is in the car.
• Period 1 (app on, no ride accepted): $50K/$100K/$25K contingent coverage only.

Vehicle-pedestrian collisions including crosswalk hits, parking lot strikes, and hit-and-run cases. Pedestrians have right-of-way in most crosswalk scenarios, but comparative fault rules can reduce recovery.

• Pedestrian fatalities reached a 41-year high of 7,522 in 2022 (GHSA).
• Most pedestrian deaths occur at night and on roads without sidewalks.

Cyclist-vehicle crashes, dooring incidents, and bike-lane intersection collisions. Cyclists are covered under the at-fault driver's liability policy and may also tap their own UM/PIP coverage.

• About 1,000 cyclists die in U.S. crashes each year; ~130,000 are injured (NHTSA).
• Helmet use reduces serious head injury risk by 60-88%.

Public transit, school bus, charter, and Greyhound-style intercity bus crashes. Public buses are governed by sovereign immunity rules with strict notice deadlines (often 60-180 days).

• Public transit claims require a "Notice of Tort Claim" within 60-180 days in most states.
• School bus accidents involve special school district immunity rules.

Elder abuse, neglect, falls, bedsores, malnutrition, and medication errors in long-term care facilities. Federal and state nursing-home protection statutes often allow enhanced damages.

• About 1 in 6 adults 60+ experience elder abuse (WHO data).
• Stage 3-4 pressure ulcers (bedsores) are considered "never events" — almost always negligent.

Broader category covering negligent security, swimming pool drownings, falling objects, inadequate lighting, dog attacks on property, and any unsafe condition a property owner failed to address.

• Visitor classification matters: invitee > licensee > trespasser dictates duty of care owed.
• Negligent security claims (assaults at hotels, parking garages) often involve foreseeability analysis.